After reading the case, I believe the recent transition in HRM happened due to both social and economic changes happening around the world.

 Social Reasons:
Changing employee expectations (more focus on work-life balance, mental health, flexibility)
Increased diversity and inclusion in the workforce
Rise of remote and hybrid work models

Economic Reasons:
Global competition forcing companies to be more efficient
The need for innovation and skilled talent
Rapid technology growth (automation, AI) changing how people work

Because of these changes, HR has evolved from just doing administrative tasks (like payroll or hiring) to playing a strategic role in the company.
 Recent HR Functions/Roles:
Talent management and employee experience
Strategic workforce planning
Learning & development
Supporting company culture and change management
Using data (HR analytics) to guide decisions

In short, HR today is more about leading change and supporting people, not just managing paperwork.