The main characteristics of human resource management are
1. The biology of human resources
Man is first and foremost a living thing. Human resources exist in the human body, is a living "living" resources, and the natural physiological characteristics of human beings. The most basic physiological needs of man bear certain biological characteristics. In management, we should first understand the natural attributes of human beings, and conduct management in accordance with human nature according to their natural attributes and physiological characteristics. Human resources are unique to human beings and therefore inalienable. This is the most fundamental characteristic of human resources.
2. Time limit of human resources
Time limit means that the formation and efficiency of human resources are limited by their life cycle. As a biological organism, the life of the individual is periodic. Everyone has to go through infancy, adolescence, youth, middle age and old age. The time with labor ability is a part of the life cycle, and the utilization degree of resources in each period is also different. No matter what kind of people, there is its ability to play the best period, the best age. If talent is not fully exploited during this period, human resources will be wasted. Therefore, the development and management of human resources must respect the time-bound characteristics of human resources, so as to ensure the output of human resources to the maximum extent and prolong their playing time.
3. Regeneration of human resources
Economic resources are divided into renewable resources and non-renewable resources. The most typical non-renewable resources are mineral deposits, such as coal, gold, iron and oil. Each batch of exploitation and utilization reduces the total amount of such resources, which can never be restored by its own mechanism. Other resources, such as forests, can be regenerated after exploitation and use, as long as the necessary conditions are maintained, maintaining the overall quantity of resources. Human resource is also regenerative, which is based on the reproduction of population and labor force. It can be realized through the continuous replacement of individuals in the population and the process of "labor consumption -- labor production -- labor re-consumption -- labor re-production". At the same time, people's old knowledge and skills can be updated by means of training and re-learning. Of course, the regeneration of human resources is different from the regeneration of general biological resources. In addition to obeying general biological laws, it is also subject to the domination of human consciousness and the influence of human activities. In this sense, human resources should realize self-compensation, self-renewal and sustainable development, which requires the development and management of human resources to pay attention to lifelong education and strengthen training and development in the later stage.
4. Attrition of human resources in the process of use
In the process of using human resources, there will be visible wear and invisible wear, the diseases and aging of workers themselves are visible wear, and the aging of workers' knowledge and skills is invisible wear and tear. In modern society, this kind of wear and tear of human resources presents the following characteristics: First, unlike the traditional agricultural society and industrial society, which are mostly manifested as tangible wear and tear, modern society is more manifested as invisible wear and tear; Secondly, an important feature of today's society is that new technology is constantly replacing the original technology, and the update cycle is getting shorter and shorter, resulting in the aging of employees' knowledge and skills, and the wear and tear of human resources is getting faster and faster. Finally, the difficulty of human resource compensation is increased, because the human resource wear in today's society is mainly manifested as invisible wear, and the compensation of invisible wear is much more difficult than the compensation of tangible wear; At the same time, the cost of compensation is getting higher and higher due to the acceleration of human resource wear and tear.
5. The sociality of human resources
In a certain society, the formation, allocation, utilization and development of human resources are completed through social division of labor, and the existence of society is the prerequisite. The sociality of human resources is mainly manifested in the communication between people and the countless connections generated therefrom. The core of human resource development lies in improving individual quality, because the improvement of each individual quality will certainly form a high level of human resource quality. However, in modern society, under the condition of highly socialized mass production, individuals have to play their roles through certain groups. A reasonable group organization structure is conducive to the growth and efficient play of individuals, while an unreasonable group organization structure will be oppressive to individuals. Group organization structure to a large extent depends on the social environment, social environment constitutes the context of human resources, it through the group directly or indirectly influence the human resources development, the demand for human resources management: should not only pay attention to people, people and organizations, to coordinate the relationship between people and society, and should pay attention to in the organization the importance of team building.
6. Human resource initiative
Initiative is the essence of human resources which is different from other resources. Other resources are completely passive in the process of being exploited. Human resources, on the other hand, it was developed in the process, the thinking and the emotion, can make a choice for their actions, able to choose a career, active learning and independent is more important is the human resources to our subjective initiative, purposeful, consciously use other resources for production, promote the development of social and economic. At the same time, human resources have the potential of creative thinking and can play a creative role in human activities. They can not only innovate ideas and thoughts, but also create new production tools and invent new technologies.
7. Human resource has the duality of producer and consumer
Human resources are both the result of investment and the creation of wealth; In other words, it is both producer and consumer, with duality of role. Investment in human resources comes from both the individual and the society, including education and training, health and so on. The quality of human resources depends entirely on the degree of investment. Human resource investment is a kind of consumption behavior, and this kind of consumption behavior is necessary, precedes the income of human capital. Research has proved that investment in human resources has high value-added, which is far greater than the income generated by investment in other resources, both from the perspective of society and individuals.
8. The added value of human resources
Human resource is not only regenerative, but also a value-added process. Human resources in the development and use of the process, on the one hand can create wealth; On the other hand, through the accumulation and updating of knowledge and experience, the organization can enhance its own value, so as to realize value appreciation.