The way businesses handle their employees has changed due to factors such as globalization, technology, demand for diversity, and the economy.
Socially, we have a more diverse workforce and a focus on how employees feel. Economically, the world is more connected through technology, and businesses need to be efficient to stay competitive. So, HRM has become more strategic and data-driven to adapt to these changes.
In the past, during the pre-industrial era, there weren't many formal HR practices, and workers were often treated like objects. In the industrial revolution, the focus was on making workers more productive using scientific methods and mass production.
Later, in the era of personnel management, there were more formal HR practices, and in the human relations era, people realized how important it was to keep employees motivated and happy.
In the era of strategic human resource management, the focus shifted to making sure HR aligns with the company's strategy and goals.