The transformation of HRM has been driven by a range of socio-economic factors, including the rise of technology, globalisation, demographic shifts and changing employee expectations. These forces have necessitated a shift from administrative HR tasks to a more strategic and business-focused approach. As a result, HR roles and functions have evolved, moving from traditional administrative tasks to a more proactive focus on talent management, data analysis, employee experience, diversity and inclusion, and organisational culture. Today, HR professionals are expected to leverage their expertise to drive business performance through effective people management strategies that align with organisational objectives.